Free College Essays - The Results of Sin in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

The Scarlet garner -Inevitable Results of Sin There are many slipway to interpret literature. Nathaniel Hawthorne is considered a very influential writer of the American Transcendentalist era his writing deals a lot with the Puritan times, including his famous novel, The Scarlet Letter. The Scarlet Letter deals with the adulterous sin of Hester Prynne and Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, the vengeance of Roger Chillingsworth, and the townspeoples attitude towards Hester and her daughter Pearl. Sin can be categorized many ways, but most importantly, one should esteem that bad things always develop from sin. The fact that Hester and the minister sinned led to the townspeople looking down on Hester and Pearl, while Reverend Dimmesdale concealed his crime of madness making Hesters scarlet letter A the central symbol of the novel.As the people of Boston scrutinized Hester and Pearl, their devotion to the Lords word soon turned to hatred. At the very least, they should stomach put the bran d of a hot iron on Hester Prynnes forehead, were the thrashful words of an autumnal matron in a throng of people. Under the appellation of Roger Chillingsworth, Hesters former save constantly battered her. These actions filled him full of vengeance soon making him into a fiend. From the people treating Hester bad, and the unruly acts of Roger Chillingsworth, it is clearly shown that one sin can path to many others.Another example of sin erupting into more(prenominal) evils is Reverend Dimmesdales camouflage act with his duality in the adulterous parody. Chillingsworth treated the minister even more uncivilized than he treated Hester this earned him the title of the leech. As a physician, he was well respected, but his fiendish acts of hatred towards the minister turned him into a black devil. Seven years after Hester served her persecution on the scaffold with young Pearl, Reverend Dimmesdale served his punishment. Not only did the sin of Reverend Dimmesdale make him lose any co nsciousness, when he confessed his crime, he lost his life to the cause. Through trying to avoid his sin, the reverend made

Reggae got Blues :: essays papers

Reggae got Blues IntroductionNo food on my table, no shoes to go on my feetNo food on my table and no shoes to go on my feet,My children cry for mercy, Lord they aint got no place to call their deliver.The blue devils arose as both a social protest and a means for expression by the Afro-American slave. The institution of slavery had existed before the trans-Atlantic slave trade, exclusively never before had a race suffered such discrimination oppression and poverty as the West Africans have endured for the last four hundred years. The Africans sole purpose in America was, for the most part, to provide the cheapest agricultural labor possible to procure(Baraka, 3). Previous forms of slavery (Roman and Greek) utilized the expert capability of slaves, where as the institution of slavery in the Americas treated slaves like that of property, a master would relate to his slave as, . if you twist the knob on your radiocommunication you expect it to play(Baraka, 3). This, the non-human view of slaves that existed, viewed Africans as heathens and thought them to be primitive and inferior to the Euro-American. These so-called nonliterate peoples whose traditional histories were passed down generation to generation done oral tradition, were seen as primitive to the highly industrialized Euro-Americans. The profound beliefs and concepts of one stopping point (African) become absurd and intangible for a complete opposite culture (Euro-American)(Baraka, 7). Not only were the West Africans aliens to the their physical surroundings but aliens to a new philosophical system(Baraka, 7). With this in mind the West Africans who survived the western transit across the Atlantic to the Mississippi Delta had found a similar Jamaican Babylon and, Lord they aint got no place to call there own. The blues are an extension of the West African oral tradition through spirituals, worksongs, seculars, and field hollers. From the late eighteen hundreds to the mid twentieth century afro - Americans have been slaves to King Cotton in the form of bound slavery, tenant farming and sharecropping. The endless cycle of debt, has Blues music centered on movement from oppression, and poverty while the protest may not always take serious form. I will examine the music of the Delta blues aspect for connections to the mento/early reggae era in religious, social and lastly lyrical context.RELIGIONAfrican religions usually have a tight fit with a special(a) culture, language and belief system.

Explication Of Sharon Olds Poem, Late Poem To My Father :: essays research papers

Sharon Olds poem Late Poem to My Father exposes the profound effect that childhood combat injury can have on someone, even in adulthood. The speaker of the poem invokes sadness andpity in the reader by reflecting on the traumatic childhood of her father, and establishes a causeand effect relationship between the abuse he endured as a child and the habituation he developson alcohol as an adult. The idea of emotional retardation caused by childhood experiences is notuncommon, especially in our modern world of prevalent substance abuse, dysfunctional families,and child abuse. However, Olds poem is a moving testament to this tragic overtaking of innocence dueto the powerful imagery she weaves throughout the first half of the poem. In addition, Oldsskillfully uses metonymical language and deliberate line breaks throughout the poem to develop thedismal sorrow her speaker feels patch reflecting on the childhood of her father.The poem opens with the speaker experiencing an epiphany whi le contemplating on herfathers childhood, and later in the poem we learn that this contemplation is more specificallyfocused on the causes of her fathers dependence on alcohol. In the first seven lines of the poemshe uses descriptive details to establish a dark, foreboding image of the setting. For example, inlines two and three she describes the fellowship with unlit rooms and a hot fireplace. She goes onto portray her father as a boy of seven, helpless, smart,... which reinforces his innocence in thisimagery of darkness. It is enkindle to note how the speaker distinguishes these details, yet inlines three and six, she refers to her fathers father only as the man. She intentionally refers tohim in this flat personal manner so as to convey to the reader that he is unworthy of any characterization. Shealso omits characterization in line six when she writes, there were things the man did heartfelt you,purposely emphasizing things with no other explanation. This leads to the assump tion that someactions are too abominable to convey in words, thus leaving us with a vast array of uncomfortablepossibilities to consider. The description of the sweet apples picked at their peak...rotted androtted,in lines nine and ten establishes a comparison between her fathers loss of innocence, andthe ripe fruit being left to waste. In line eleven she writes, past the cellar door the creek ran andran which is a contrast to the apples being confine within the cellar (like the child in the house),and the creek being on the outside, where the idea of escape exists.

Gay Rights Essay -- Equality Homosexuality Papers

Gay Rights Throughout history, homosexuality has been looked down upon and legislated against. The law has prohibited any type of demeanor outside of the heterosexual relationship. This deviant behavior has included not only homosexuality butalso fornication, adultery, oral, and anal sex. Originally, religious laws prohibited these types of behavior then civil laws followed suit. The reasoning for these prohibitions is that marriagebetween a man and a charwoman is the cornerstone of familiarity. The idea of a man,a woman, and children is what civilization is based on. Therefore, any acts outside of a heterosexual marriage are viewed by fundamentalists as an erosion of society as stated by the Church ofJesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. In our group there is a consensusthat homosexuals should have complete equality with everyone else in this nation to not only marryand engage in sexual activities, but also to raise children. This is the result of the factthat in the re cent past homosexuals, as well as women, have challenged these restrictions in the courts as well as in the media. Their actions have had a tremendous effect not only on our group butalso on a vast amount of people in this country. Just twenty yearsago there would have been a much greater opposition to equality for homosexuals. Butas a result of their involvement, public awareness has been raised. This paper aims to deal with specific constitutional arguments, a number of court cases, the opinions of a few Hunter College students we talkedto, and the role that homosexuals scam in the media. Challenges have beenmade on restrictions of same sex marriages as well as restrictions on adoption by a homosexual couple.Constitutional arguments such as ... ...ore acceptable topic to discuss in society due to the influence of the media and court decisions. As a result, homosexuals are no longer apprehensive to require their rightful place insociety, along with their civil rights and ri ght to equal protection. Withthe help of public figures and the open- mindedness of the courts and the general public, thequestion of whether homosexuals are entitled to equalrights will be relegated to history. BibliographyBOOKS The Challenge of Democracy, Janda, Berry,Goldman. fifth part edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1997 The Law of Sex and Discrimination, J. RalphLindgren and Nadine Taub. Second edition. West Publishing,1998. Sexual Orientation and Human Rights, RobertWintemute. Oxford Press, 1995. WORLD WIDE WEB http//www.aclu.org/news/n061997a.html http//www.nonline.com/procon/html/gayadoptpro.htm

Glen Canyon Dam :: Debate Lake Powell Papers

Glen Canyon Dam This extended essay will analyze the rhetoric of authors discussing the Glen Canyon Dam. These authors include Jeff Rubin (The Place No One Knew), John McPhee (Encounters with the Archdruid), Russell Martin (A novel that stands like a dam Glen Canyon and the struggle for the soul of the West), and Jared Farmer (Glen Canyon dammed inventing Lake Powell and the Canyon country). There are always two sides to an argument, champion for one against. All seven authors write of the Glen Canyon Dam, and the controversy surrounding the draining of Lake Powell. All of the authors do not actually want the dam to be taken d give birth. Each author talks about what was destroyed by filling Glen Canyon up. They all recognize that Glen Canyon can not be saved, entirely another dam can be prevented from happening again somewhere else. A pamphlet handed out at the visitors magnetic core of Glen Canyon Dam states The mission of the Bureau of Reclamation is to manage, develop, and p rotect water and related resources in an environmentally and economically sound manner in the absorb of the American public (Glen Canyon Dam) This statement ensures the reader that the dam was built for the people doing this without stating any facts that prove the statement. This statement also does not state why the U.S. government built Glen Canyon dam. This pamphlet wants to educate people as to the uses of Glen Canyon. The dangers and the fun that can be had on the lake that was made by the Glen Canyon Dam. about of the shoreline around Lake Powell is loose and can slip and fall. (Glen canyon Dam) warning the public as to what to watch for. The pamphlet goes on to say Dangerous sections of Lake Powells shoreline are too numerous to mark and can appear quickly subsequently a change in the water level or after rainy weather. (Glen Canyon Dam) The author is saying that not every dangerous area can be marked. By writing this the author is ensuring natural rubber against lawsui ts. In Glen Canyon Dammed Inventing Lake Powell and the Canyon Country, Jared Farmer agrees with the draining of Lake Powell. Farmer goes on to write, Consider the river that flows through Grand Canyon its not the real thing. Its the programmed discharge from Glen Canyon Dam. (Farmer pg. XIII) In this statement Farmer is saying that he does agree with the dam coming down, although saying that people have their own opinions.

Setting Of The Great Gatsby Essay -- essays research papers

The climbs and backdrops in The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, are essential elements to the formation of the characters, symbolic imagery and the overall plot development. Fitzgerald uses east and western Egg communities to acquaint two separate worlds and two classes of people that are technically the same their status, but fundamentally different in their ideals. The physical geography of the settings is representative of the outer space between classes of the East and West Eggers. Every setting connotes a different tone and enhances the imagery of story line. From the wealthy class of the "eggs", the desolate " valley of ashes", to the chaos of Manhattan. The imagery provided by Fitzgerald becomes an important tool in establishing the characters and their story.The separation between the east and the westernmost shows the division between the people who are from to each one side. Generally, the West Coast represents a much laissez-faire attitude and is seen as the " saucy" land or world. Many people have dreamt of "going west" in search of a new life or vast treasures in the "wild" lands. Fitzgerald associates these qualities of the West with the characters Nick Carraway and Jay Gatsby, who live on the West Egg. On the other side of the spectrum lie Tom Buchanan, Daisy, and Jordan Baker. These characters are associated with a stereotypical East Coast mindset which is more strict, traditional and ancestrally based, as opposed to the "new" and "wild" West. They resent anything that is unfamiliar to them such as the West Eggers with "new money" and no traditions. The distance and mindset of the East and West are symbolically integrated into the East Egg and West Egg which are representative of the social class of which the characters come from. The physical settings establish the identities of the characters through their wealth and houses. The West Eggers represent the social class of the nouveau riche, people who have made fortunes recently in their generation instead of having inherited wealth. The East Eggers have had money in their blood for many generations and have an established presence in their community. The houses of both classes are evidence to this fact. Gatsbys mansion is designed in an newer European style contrasted the Buchanans more colonial style house and is decorated with... ...nt stage. The Great Gatsby starts out in the springtime, a time of new growth and beginning. The story takes place until the contain of summer and beginning of autumn. As spring and summer pass by, steady improvements, it seems, are occurring in Nick and Gatsbys relationship. Gatsbys death is synonymous to the death in autumn. fall leaves and dying shrubbery coincide with Gatsbys own death. The progression of the story is parallel to the changing of the seasons. The reflection of the tale can be seen through the weather and changing seasons.Fitzgerald uses the setting and seasonal change to create the progression of the characters, symbolism and the plot. The backdrops create the framework that the characters live in and interact. The setting of the story creates all the contrast between East and West, "new money" and "old money" and the social classes. Not only do the physical representations of these differences separate the characters and create their character, but also a more representative division is shown. By using symbolism embedded with actual display of its imagery, Fitzgerald is able to capture both, a symbolic essence and tangents of reality.

Setting Of The Great Gatsby Essay -- essays research papers

The settings and backdrops in The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, are essential elements to the formation of the characters, symbolic imagery and the overall dapple development. Fitzgerald uses East and West Egg communities to portray two separate worlds and two classes of people that are technically the same their status, but fundamentally different in their ideals. The visible geography of the settings is representative of the distance between classes of the East and West Eggers. Every setting connotes a different tone and enhances the imagery of study line. From the plastered class of the "eggs", the desolate "valley of ashes", to the chaos of Manhattan. The imagery provided by Fitzgerald becomes an important tool in establishing the characters and their story.The separation between the east and the west shows the partitioning between the people who are from each side. Generally, the West Coast represents a more laissez-faire attitude and is seen as th e " brisk" land or world. some(prenominal) people have dreamt of "going west" in search of a new life or vast treasures in the "wild" lands. Fitzgerald associates these qualities of the West with the characters mountain pass Carraway and Jay Gatsby, who live on the West Egg. On the other side of the spectrum lie Tom Buchanan, Daisy, and Jordan Baker. These characters are associated with a stereotypical East Coast learning ability which is more strict, traditional and ancestrally based, as opposed to the "new" and "wild" West. They resent anything that is unfamiliar to them such as the West Eggers with "new money" and no traditions. The distance and mindset of the East and West are symbolically integrated into the East Egg and West Egg which are representative of the social class of which the characters come from. The physical settings establish the identities of the characters through their wealth and houses. The West Eggers represe nt the social class of the nouveau riche, people who have made fortunes recently in their generation instead of having contractable wealth. The East Eggers have had money in their blood for many generations and have an established presence in their community. The houses of both classes are evidence to this fact. Gatsbys mansion is knowing in an newer European style unlike the Buchanans more colonial style house and is decorated with... ...nt stage. The Great Gatsby starts out in the springtime, a time of new growth and beginning. The story takes place until the end of summer and beginning of autumn. As spring and summer pass by, steady improvements, it seems, are occurring in Nick and Gatsbys relationship. Gatsbys end is synonymous to the death in autumn. Falling leaves and dying shrubbery coincide with Gatsbys own death. The progression of the story is parallel to the changing of the seasons. The reflection of the tale can be seen through the weather and changing seasons.Fitzge rald uses the setting and seasonal change to manufacture the progression of the characters, symbolism and the plot. The backdrops create the framework that the characters live in and interact. The setting of the story creates all the contrast between East and West, "new money" and "old money" and the social classes. Not only do the physical representations of these differences separate the characters and create their character, but also a more representative division is shown. By using symbolism embedded with actual display of its imagery, Fitzgerald is able to capture both, a symbolic essence and tangents of reality.

Jetblue Airways

1. What is JetBlue strategy for success in the marketplace? Does the keep company curse primarily on a guest intimacy, operational excellence, or product leadership customer value proposition? What evidence supports your conclusion? Product leadership and customer value proposition be definitely Jet Blues strategies for success. They pride themselves on low fares and great customer service. They are in like manner focused on bringing low airfares to customers that necessitate low fare options to fly to destinations with high airfares.Jet Blue has been so successful in their strategies that they cede the highest percentage of seat capacity utilized. They have certainly created a winning formula. 2. What business risks does JetBlue face that may threaten its ability to satisfy stockholder expectations? What are some vitrines of control activities that the company could use to reduce these risks? Jet fuel prices and operating costs are two of the business risks that Jet Blue fa ces. An example of a control activity the company could implement to reduce these risks is putting into place a contract that puts jet fuel at a resolute price for a certain amount of time.In addition, another possible risk is foreign exchange and a contract should be entered to protect their proceeds. JetBlues workforce could seek to unionize. This process could result in work slowdowns or stoppages and it could increase operating expenses. Control activities Establish a Human Resource guidance Department that proactively works with employees to ensure that their morale remains high and that they feel fairly treated. 3. How can the concept of unit level activities be applied to an air hose? More specifically, what are 2 examples of unit level activites for JetBlue?What steps has JetBlue taken to manage these unit level activities more efficiently? In a manufacturing context, a unit refers to an individual unit of product. In an airline context, a unit refers to a passenger on a particular flight. Two examples of unit-level activities include luggage handling and ticket processing. Both activities are directly influenced by the number of passengers served. JetBlues point-to-point flights simplify the baggage handling process because there is no need to transfer luggage from one flight to numerous other connecting flights.Point-to-point flights also lower the incidence of mishandled bags. JetBlue reports that it mishandled only 2. 99 bags per 1,000 customers. JetBlue uses technology to streamline ticket processing. This is the companys least expensive form of ticket processing. It also mentions that JetBlue further simplified ticket processing by enabling on-line check-ins, allowing customers to change reservations through and through the website, and installing 76 kiosks in 19 cities.4. How can the concept of batch-level activities be applied to an airline? What are two examples of batch-level activities for JetBlue? What steps has JetBlue taken to manage these batch-level activities more efficiently? In a manufacturing context, a batch refers to a number of units of product that are processed together. A batch-level cost is the same regardless of how legion(predicate) units of the product are included in the batch. In an airline context, a batch refers to a flight departure. Examples of batch-level activities include refueling the airplane, performing pre-flight maintenance, and cleaning the inner of the cabin.The costs to refuel an airplane, maintain it, and clean it are essentially the same regardless of how many passengers are on board. Using only one caseful of aircraft simplifies the gate turnaround process, which includes all of the batch-level activities mentioned in the prior paragraph. JetBlue operated each airplane an average of 13. 4 hours per day, which the company believes was higher than any other major U. S. airline. high-octane gate turnarounds are one of the keys to JetBlues high rate of aircraft utilization.5. What is one example of a customer-level activity and an organization-sustaining activity for JetBlue? An example of a customer-level activity for JetBlue is maintaining its customer loyalty program called TrueBlue Flight Gratitude. An example of an organization-sustaining activity is complying with government regulations that are established by the Department of Transportation, the Federal Aviation Administration, and the Transportation Security Administration. JetBlue moldiness comply with these regulations in order for the business to operate.ReferenceJetblue Airways Corporation, Securities and Exchange Commission, (2004), Retrieved on April 25, 2011 http//www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1158463/ 000104746905005739/a2153142z10-ka.htm05NYC1962_1

Barriers to Communication Essay

Organisational talk relates to the way institutions adapt themselves to changing environments, externally and internally. The focalise is on interaction with stakeholders and within the organisation and with co-workers. In these interactions different perceptions (in meanings and interests) must be dealt with to create common ground. Barriers to communication refers to any kind or hold of communication impediment within an organization such as noise, bureaucracy and semantic differences.The organisation that I used to work for is SIRDC and it is primarily involved in scientific research and innovation. It is located around 15kilometres away from town in the Hatcliffe Extension area. The barriers to communication in the organisation include the followingSemantic barriersDid you meet what I meant for you to hear? This has been a frequent statement in the boardrooms With todays increasingly diverse workforce, it is easy to believe you have conveyed information to someone, simply y ou are not aware that they interpreted you differently than you intended. Unfortunately, you wont be aware of this problem until a major problem or fare arises out of the confusion. This usually arises due to the interpretation of different words.Due to the diverse educational and cultural backgrounds http//www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=backgrounds&%3Bv=56 in my organisation, semantics acts as a hindrance to effective communication as people http//www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=people&%3Bv=56 would argue that we agreed to pursue another option in the last meeting when it was not the case. This is usually prevalent when the worry http//www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=business&%3Bv=56 people http//www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=people&%3Bv=56 in the organisation are discussing issues with the scientists on the viability of their innovations. The organisation has chemists, engineers, marketing http//www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=marketing&%3Bv=56 personnel, financial analysts, nutritioni sts, electricians, biotechnologists among manyothers.BureaucracyWhen organizations are yet getting becomeed, their leaders can often prize themselves on not being burdened with what seems as bureaucratic overhead, that is, as extensive written policies and procedures. physical composition http//www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=Writing&%3Bv=56 something down can be seen as a sign of bureaucracy and to be avoided. As the organization grows, it wishs more communications and feedback to catch ones breath healthy, but this communication is not valued. As a result, increasing confusion ensues unless worry http//www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=management&%3Bv=56 matures and realizes the need for increased, reliable communications. This was the case when the department that I was to a lower place was at its infancy level and this was done to have confidence of other institutes within the organisation, since our department was mainly support in nature.Organisational StructureHowever, at t he organisational level, authority tends to be centralised at the top and this usually results in information taking too long to reach all the employees. The Director-General has the final severalise in the all the organizational decision making process. The Public relations department is responsible for all the organizational communication even on expert aspects unless the technical people http//www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=people&%3Bv=56 are given the authority to talk to the media.Assumed KnowledgeIf I know it, then everyone must know it. possibly the most common communications problem is managements (leaders and managers) assumption that because they are aware of some piece of information, than everyone else is, too. Usually staff are not aware unless managementhttp//www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=management&%3Bv=56 makes a deliberate attempt to carefully convey information. This has been the case especially on the technical fields where the managers think that every employee is aware of the fundamental principle in the related field. Sometimes, employees will be scared to ask because the boss has already assumed that everyone knows the principles. The result is that the business organization http//www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=job&%3Bv=56 is not done in good order and incompetence is labeled to the subordinates. randomness OwnershipSome people http//www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=people&%3Bv=56 within the organisation would not want to share information with others and this has been termed HITES Holding Information To Enhance Status. This is usually the case in fields such as information technology (IT) where a person is solely employed because of the knowledge of a particular program. If he is to teach others the he loses his expert power and negotiating power within the organisation. Such group of people http//www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=people&%3Bv=56 can make the organisation be at ransom if their demands are not met.EthnocentricityThis is main ly to do with judging people http//www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=people&%3Bv=56 according to ones culture and thinking. This is a result of diverse cultures and different levels of education http//www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=education&%3Bv=56 within the organisation.Camps within an organizationCamps are usually created based on political persuasion, religious beliefs, as well as on tribal grounds. Since my organization is a parastatal and it is in the Presidents Officehttp//www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=Office&%3Bv=56, it is expected that within the organization we should be pro-government. However, some people http//www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=people&%3Bv=56 are known to support other parties, so communication tends to be hindered as one is not so certainly how to respond to certain issues raised. Tribal issues tend to hinder communication in my organization as some people http//www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=people&%3Bv=56 feel one kin group is getting the attention of the se nior executive in the organization. This has been further worsened in the recruitment exercise for senior posts.Managers failure to recognize the efforts of subordinatesIf I need your opinion, I will tell it to you. Communications problems can arise when management http//www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=management&%3Bv=56 simply sees no value whatsoever in communicating with subordinates, believe subordinates should shut up and do their jobs http//www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=jobs&%3Bv=56 as assigned. This kind of attitude discourages the subordinates and might force them to just leave the mistakes that their superior has done which might be mischievous to the organizational objectives and goals.The attitude of I know everything has retarded the learning http//www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=learning&%3Bv=56 process in the organization. Inexperienced managers are usually the culprits in this regard as they find no need to communicate with subordinates. So whats to talk about? Communica tions problems can arise when inexperienced management http//www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=management&%3Bv=56 interprets its job http//www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=job&%3Bv=56 to be solving problems and if they are no problems/crises, then there is nothing that needs to be communicated.ConclusionEffective internal communications start with effective skills in communications, including basic skills in listening, speaking, questioningand sharing feedback These can developed with some concerted review and practice. Perhaps the most important core from these skills is conveying that you value hearing from others and their hearing from you. Sound meeting management http//www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=management&%3Bv=56 skills go a long way toward ensuring effective communications, too. A mark ingredient to developing effective communications in any organization is each person taking responsibility to assert when they dont visualize a communication or to suggest when and how someone c ould communicate more effectively.

Josh Hutcherson Essay

Josh Hutcherson Not Afraid to Be Himself Many celebrities to this day are recognized for their scandalous numbers and wrong doings. Not many people plosive speech sound true to themselves in todays society, charge less are willing to donate their time and m hotshoty to help others that acquire it. Josh Hutcherson is one of these people in others eyes, he has always been himself either on set of a movie or at home with his loved ones. As a child he had to deal with the lose of both of his uncles, they died from AIDS during the height of the epidemic. They were n their early thirties, in great shape, but unfortunately they were taken onward from us too soon. Both passed away at about the time I was born. (Hutcherson). Though he didnt get a chance to get his uncles, he saw how this affected the rest of his family and from that point on he wanted to make sure that they wouldnt die in vain.Josh Hutcherson is a hero to many for his desire to help others, always staying true to hims elf, and donating his time and money to charities. Josh Hutcherson was born in Union, Kentucky as an only child and at the age of four his ounger brother was born. Shortly after he started to become interested in acting and creation on television, his parents figured it was just a phase like most children would have. Over the years his fascination with acting grew stronger to his mothers surprise and she flattually decided to help him pursue his goal so at the age of nine josh and his family moved to California. After getting settled down josh started auditioning for roles and landed very few, very minor parts. But with his purpose he landed a role in ER in 2003 ( Anonymous , 2012) . From that point on joshs acting areer took off and he starred in many TV shows and some small movies. After Bridge to Terabithia was released he was a highly regarded actor and many studios wanted him to submit in roles.He quickly made friends that had the aforementioned(prenominal) lifestyle and v iews as himself, one of the most prominent was Avan Jogia. Avan founded the organization called SBNN (Straight But Not Narrow). Avan, an actor, musician, writer, and big paradigm thinker. His idea, his passion and his voice started it all. Seeing the hardships young adults face, both in and out of school, ignited his desire to take a stand against ullying. (anonymous) Josh knew he wanted to be a part of something great and became a part of the group and helped spread the message. Actors today are usually fake and doing what their name implies, acting. Yet, some do stay true to their ways and dont let all the fame and attention sway them. Hutcherson is a perfect example of this. You can see that even in his movies the roles he plays are true to his own personality, some stars that have worked with him on set have said that even offstage he has the same nice, boyish charm that his characters have in movies.Ever since he was nine and started acting he has always been himself even tho most studios and sponsors want him to act fake and perfect he wants to always stay true to himself and not ever put on an act just to please someone else. be yourself with all of the stress and publicity is an extraordinarily large task and many fail to do so. But Hutcherson is one of the few that have rose supra the others and proved himself as a strong idividual As a small child Hutcherson had a very strong personality and always spoke his mind, this symptomatic has stuck with him his whole life and he is still the same way to this day.So when something wasnt right, Hutcherson would not hesitate to speak up. Because of the death of his uncles to AIDS and how they were treated for existence homosexuals he hated when someone treated anyone like they didnt matter. He hated bullying and whenever he hears about it or witnesses it, he feels the strong need to do something. Hutcherson clearly expresses his feelings towards homosexuals being bullied for who they like, Josh Hutcherson received the Van Guard award at the GLAAD Media Awards for his help to stop gay bullying( Giannotta, 2012) . Helping others that are being bullied or that need someone there or him have just been natural to Hutcherson. Because of Hutcherson family history with homosexuality he had very strong views on gay rights and equality of all people. He decided to join his friend Avan Jogia and his organization Straight But Not Narrow, this was a group dedicated to curtain raising the eyes of others to the fact that we shouldnt care who a person dates, its about the persons personality and actions(Jogia, 2011) . He became the main advocate for the group and has been the most active fragment since the start. But Hutcherson has done more deeds outside of SBNN as well.On June 3, 2012 Hutcherson took place in a charity celebrity picnic where many fashionable stars and actors come together and throw a picnic. This even has raised more than $33 million since 1989 to fund pediatric AIDS research a nd the Foundations international medical programs to prevent new HIV infections in babies and to keep HIV-positive mothers alive through lifesaving treatment (anonymous, 2012). Hutcherson has done a lot of things to help kids and even adults in need since his career took of, making him a hero to many people who know of the actors deeds.

Information Technology and Innovation at Shinsei Bank

9-607-010 REV OCTOBER 4, 2007 DAVID M. UPTON VIRGINIA A. FULLER Information Technology and understructure at Shinsei commit Jay Dvivedi looked once more at the proposal in his email inbox, sighed and closed his laptop for the dark. He owed his boss, Shinsei chief operating officer Thierry Porte, a response and he k every last(predicate) overbold that he would need to send it in morning. virtuoso of the heads of Shinseis concern units had approached Porte directly with a proposal for a parvenu, off-the-shelf node relationship management (CRM) organisation for his art.He wanted to fund it and implement with his deliver personnel, precisely he mandatory approval from Porte. Before Porte responded he had requested input from Dvivedi. When Dvivedi discussed the idea with his team the opinion was divided. The information applied science organization had compete an integral role in the revitalization of Shinsei verify from the ashes of lacquers failed Long-Term Credit blasp heme (LCTB). In March 2000, Dvivedi had been charged with the task of exploitation a revolutionary technology al-Qaeda for the reinvigoratedly formed Shinsei Bank.When he asked accordingly CEO Masamoto Yashiro for some guidelines he was told to do it Fast and Cheap. drawing off on his wealth of experience in technology and operations in the banking intentness he and his team were satisfactory to come up with a quick, robust, and nickel-and-dime(prenominal) approach through which the reborn bank could deliver its innovativeer products and work. Shinsei, which liter aloney meant new birth in Japanese, was committed to providing an improved, guest-foc apply model with such conveniences as lucre banking, 24-hour bell-free ATMs, and fast service based on genuine-time database reconciliation1.Developing and organizing the technology mandatory to modify this was a monumental task, plainly one that Dvivedi and his team were subject to flow inwardly one year (one quarter o f the time that would be needed to implement a tralatitious arranging), and at only 10% of the forecasted live of a traditional system. By 2005, the bank had 1. 4 million clients, and was acquiring new railway line at a rate of 35,000 customers per month. When Dvivedi discussed the proposal with his team some give tongue to that the business understood its own objectives best.If a business unit felt that it should add a new system at its own cost then that was its right. Alternatively, some other team members felt that this was against all of the principles that had been used to resurrect Shinseis IT systems and represented a dangerous step rear endwards. 1 In many other banks in Japan, deposits and withdrawals did non appear until the next day in order to reconcile the consummation and primary databases. Shinsei wanted to immediately update and make megascopic the data for its customers. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________ Professor David M. Upton and Research Associate Virginia A. Fuller prepared this case with the assistance of Masako Egawa, Executive Director of the HBS Japan Research Office, and Akiko Kanno, Research Associate at the HBS Japan Research Office. Portions of this case draw upon Shinsei Bank (A), HBS No. 302-036, Shinsei Bank (B), HBS No. 302-037, Shinsei Bank (C), HBS No. 302-038, and Shinsei Bank (D), HBS No. 02-039 by Professor Michael Y. Yoshino and superior Research Associate Perry L. Fagan. HBS cases are developed solely as the basis for class discussion. Cases are not intended to serve as endorsements, sources of primary data, or illustrations of effective or ineffective management. Copyright 2006, 2007 President and Fellows of Harvard College. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, call 1-800-5457685, write Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA 02163, or go to http//www. hbsp. harvard. edu.No part of this worldati on whitethorn be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any meanselectronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwisewithout the permission of Harvard Business School. 607-010 Information Technology and Innovation at Shinsei Bank Dvivedi needed to draft a thoughtful, well- modestnessed reply to Porte and he would need to do it first thing in the morning. Shinseis Predecessor LTCB LTCB, was established by the governing in 1952 to provide long funding to re bod Japans basic industries after World War II.This strategy proved successful until the mid-eighties when financial deregulation diminished the demand for loans by traditional borrowers and LTCB aggressively brandished in the real estate and construction grocery stores. Because of Japans stentorian economy, land expenditures were skyrocketing and many loans were provided based on land collateral rather than an appropriate analysis of risk or future cash fl ow of the borrower. When the summation bubble burst and land prices plummeted in the early 1990s, banks were left with an enormous amount of bad debt.In spite of the increase in non-performing loans, Japanese banks were slow to carry off action. At the time, many still believed that the fall in land prices was temporary and that they could tolerate out the crisis. Furthermore, Japanese banks placed wide importance on long-term relationships with their borrowers and were reluctant to raise lending rates in what seemed like a temporary business slow pot. LTCB desperately explored ways to save itself. Conditions continued to deteriorate, however, and its stock price continued to fall.On October 23, 1998, LTCB finally collapsed with nearly $40 billion of non-performing loans and was nationalized. The failure of LTCB marked the largest banking failure in post-war Japan. Acquisition by Ripplewood The events that happened were unprecedented a Japanese street corner was bankrupt, and was subsequently purchased by a U. S. private equity fund, Ripplewood Holdings, with Goldman Sachs representing the Japanese government. Masamoto Yashiro, former president of Exxon Japan who had just retired after heading Citicorp Japan, was persuaded to join the American investors in acquiring the bank.The government signly favored selling the bank to a Japanese financial institution or an industrial friendship, but Ripplewood eventually win the bid. On March 1, 2000, LTCB became the first Japanese bank with foreign ownership. New Birth The name of the bank was turnd to Shinsei, and Yashiro became CEO. In the first few months, Yashiro moved promptly to establish a new organization and build the banks business in three main areas commercialized banking, retail banking2, and investment banking.LTCB had previously generated most of its revenues from corporate loans, but Yashiro was eager to move out of this low-margin business. The asset quality of our loans was extremely poor, the number of corporate and individual accounts had shrunk by 40%, the traditional business corporate lending was very unprofitable, and the banks IT infrastructure and operational cap index were significantly inferior even relative to our local competition, verbalise Yashiro. Fortunately, the bank had received JPY 240 billion in public funds, and was able to start business with a strong capital ratio3 of 12. %. 2 Banking serve for individual customers 3 The capital ratio is the ratio of a banks equity to a risk-weighted sum of the banks assets. 2 Information Technology and Innovation at Shinsei Bank 607-010 LTCB did not have much presence in retail banking, with only two dozen branches throughout Japan, while major commercial banks had several hundred branches. The bank sold debentures (instead of receiving deposits) to high net worth individuals, but those individuals conducted their banking transactions at other banks which had a broader branch net sue.Shinsei bank needed a n entirely new business strategy, and that, decided Yashiro, would be to serve retail customers. To create a retail banking business from the ground up, Yashiro needed the help of a visionary and technologist. Dhananjaya Jay Dvivedi looked like the right man for the job. An experienced manager of technology and operations with whom Yashiro had worked at Citibank Japan during the 1990s,4 Dvivedi had an engineering background and sought to apply manufacturing principles to the maturement of the new IT infrastructure. Retail Banking BusinessThe traditional methods of retail banking in Japan were anything but convenient. Business hours ended at three oclock in the good afternoon (to allow time to reconcile computer system information with the databases), no ATM usage outside of business hours, fees for ATMs, no Internet banking, long troika times for new account openings, separate accounts for each type of financial product, and other inconveniences had been an unavoidable, bitter pil l for people managing their money in Japan. Yashiro and Dvivedi, therefore, endeavored to claim an alternative.Shinsei would have to wow potential customers into switching over from other banks. They had to offer something extra to convince customers to bank at Shinsei. The way to do this, they felt, was through outstanding customer service. Customer Service Model Yashiro believed it was better archetypes of service, and innovation in services, that would ultimately attract customers to the bank. We were new. If we didnt have something new to offer, there would be no reason for customers to come to us, express Sajeeve Thomas, head of Shinseis retail group.The destination of developing new and closer relationships with customers through unique products and services became central to Shinseis transformation. The channel to meeting the competitive requirements of a retail bank, however, proved to be a significant undertaking for an institution specializing in corporate financial w ork. For the transformation to be effective, speed, flexibility, and cost control were paramount. A complete overhaul of the IT system would be required in order to enable this. The new customer-service-based business strategy required a scalable and robust operational and technological infrastructure.Such an infrastructure would help the new business segments grow by permiting enhanced, high quality, 247 customer service, product innovation and volume growth. This process mired nothing short of a revolutionary approach to information technology. Indeed, said Yashiro, rather wistfully, the real challenge of transformation was not in painting the end state but in choosing the means to reach it effectively. 4 Their work at Citibank include a major go gamearound of that companys IT system in Japan during the 1990s. 3 607-010Information Technology and Innovation at Shinsei Bank Thinking about(predicate) Technology at Shinsei We quickly came to the conclusion that the systems that w ere used at the old LCTB were of almost no use to us, recalled Yashiro, lamenting the realization that the extant mainframe infrastructure was actually an impediment to building new business at Shinsei. Its mainframes were overloaded, with no spare faculty, and they relied on separate and disparate networks which were tied closely to the old business model. Maintenance costs were unacceptably high due to locked-in contracts with vendors.The network capacity was inadequate and too expensive. At the homogeneous time, the operational processes were inefficient and full of multi-layered, continual paper trails. Mainframes were large room-sized computers based on models developed in the 1960s by computing giants like IBM and Fujitsu. For banks, with their enormous amounts of customer data, daily transactions involved collecting information from millions of accounts, transferring it to the mainframe computer at midnight, then refreshing the data by batch processing for the following da y.Dvivedi believed that mainframes imposed great risks onto businesses since they held the full data in the organization and this meant that if anything happened to that one computer, the business would be temporarily disabled while the system was transferred to backup machines. It was safer to distribute risks by constructing systems that conjugated several smaller computers, such as servers, together. Servers were much smaller computers, often as small as a pizza box, based on cheaper microprocessors and standardized UNIX or Windows operating systems.Such smaller servers were often combined into clusters of many hundreds of devices and were thus not only cheaper, but in any case more scalable than mainframes as capacity could be added to the system in much smaller increments. In the past, almost all banks had run on mainframe-based computer systems, but removing the mainframes created granularity within the system, said Dvivedi. This drastically reduced hardware maintenance c osts and allowed flexibility such that services and new products could easily be added to the system. Building a New SystemOnce he had a skilled team in place, Dvivedi focused on centralizing the operations and creating a functional organization. Investigation into traditional methods of large-scale systems implementation undetermined the significant risks and difficulties in adapting a traditional, monolithic, mainframe-based system to the dynamism of Shinseis freshly rekindled businesses. Indeed, new technology requirements were being developed even as the new business plans took shape, and they would need a scalable IT system that could grow with and even more importantly, adapt to the business. Technology delivers the product to the customer, affirmed Dvivedi. Information technology had to be used as a driver of business, and a source of new business, rather than as a actualise function. Dvivedi also believed that Shinsei should forge its own IT strategy, rather than follow th e examples set by other banks, so that competitors might one day turn to Shinsei for advice. Dvivedi could have chosen a gradual approach to creating a new infrastructure by improving the existing technology and processes over time, replacing one system and process after another.This would have minimized disruption but would have call inn too long. Alternatively, he could have attempted a big-bang approach, replacing the existing infrastructure with a completely new set of systems and processes in one fell swoop. This approach, however, was deemed too risky, too disruptive, and too expensive. As part of building the new infrastructure Dvivedi focused on parsimony in selecting standards. at that place would be one network protocol, one operating system, and one hardware platform. Dvivedi 4 Information Technology and Innovation at Shinsei Bank 607-010 did not wait for consensus before moving to new standards.Choosing one set of standards, rather than allowing a patchwork of multipl e standards to build up, helped keep the complexity low, which, in turn, make the system easier to manage. The skills needed to run and maintain this infrastructure were standard and people trained in them were easy to find. Instead of looking at the whole system, Dvivedi preferred to stymie up it round off into pieces. How can we modularize pieces so they can be used again and again? he asked. He believed that the key to success was to keep creating new elements and to figure them into the system without stopping the enterprise.A caveat of this, however, was the challenge of keeping things safe and secure, yet not so locked-down that they became unchangeable. The approach that Yashiro and Dvivedi decided on was at once report and accelerated, driven by the evolution of their new business strategy. It involved implementing, as needed, a new, modular operating infrastructure that operated initially in parallel with, but ultimately superseded, the existing infrastructure. Dvived is Vision Dvivedi make choices not simply based on available technologies rather, he focused first on the business problem that had to be solved.Once the problem was all the way identified, it was worried down into as many logical parts as possible. Wed keep breaking down the elements until the solution was obvious, said Sharma Subramanian, the IT groups Planning and Coordination Officer. In addressing each element, the team looked to its toolkit of standard modules and components, and determined whether or not any appropriate solutions existed. If not, they went to the market and sought the missing piece of technology, looking specifically for its availability as a standard component.If it was not already available as a standard component, they would ask one of their partners to build the component. They would build it so that it was reusable. For a component to be reusable, it had to have a clear specification of the function(s) it performed, as well as a standard interface into which other components or modules could pertain. The various components were assembled and reused in order to build products and services for Shinseis customers, and 90% of the technology components were used by more than one product. To meet Yashiros andate, Dvivedi devised five basic guidelines that were to govern all work going forward. His approach addressed waste and unnecessary work, and the settlement thereof, to make processes more efficient. Every job done was evaluated on the basis of these five criteria Speed How fast can the work be done? The goal was to build a new IT system within 18 months of conception. Changes were made in small, frequent, and predictable steps. The use and re-use of standard components enabled the team to roll out new capabilities quickly and with minimal testing (since the components already had been tested in their previous context).Cost How low can we keep costs? For example, Shinsei understood that they did not have to build everything fr om scratch. By combining a number of software packages, they were able to construct the new system in a very short time. For example, Shinsei used Intel-based, Windows servers and visionary database servers on the back-end and off-the-shelf solutions on the front-end. They used standard Dell PCs running Windows. In the process, Shinsei became the largest bank running its back-end systems on a Windows platform.Capability What new capabilities go out IT enable? For example, to support multiple currencies and financial products for retail customers the old technology platform that handled deposits, loans and other services had to be changed. 5 607-010 Information Technology and Innovation at Shinsei Bank Flexibility How easily can the system be changed to respond to business needs? Dvivedi suckd that the business needs of the company would change over time and that the IT systems had to respond to this rather than prevent ecessary change as the mainframe system had done. The i nfrastructure needed to be expandable and robust enough to support the operation as volumes grew. Re-usable component-based architecture would enable flexibility. To make its services flexible, Shinsei used alerts, not reports, to manage workflow. Machinedriven prompts notified employees when work went unattended, demanding attention and action when required. Similarly, when making infrastructure decisions Yashiro made a point of focusing on the business objective, not the as-is environment.Designing an infrastructure to support a new business objective had to begin with that objective in mind and not with Shinseis current capabilities. If the objective could be met without changing existing infrastructure then they would not change it. If elements of the existing infrastructure were made redundant by the new approach, then they would become irrelevant and be superseded over time. Flexibility meant not being inhibited by previous decisions. sentry go How secure is our system? Saf ety was built into the process by breaking down the problems into very small parts.Smaller elements meant a smaller piece of the project that went violate if something were to fail. Furthermore, a number of small parts meant that each part could be tackled simultaneously to fix the problem more quickly. The approach to safety could be seen clearly in Dvivedis decision to leverage the public Internet. Back in 2000, Dvivedi met tremendous incredulity at the notion of using the Internet for internal banking transactions. Nevertheless, the Bank went with public Internet lines as opposed to leased lines.Public Internet technology allowed Shinsei to move work to any location, including lower-cost locations, such as India. ATMs, telephones, call centers, video, and data were also committed through public lines, at a fraction of the cost of leased lines. We use the Internet in two ways, for transport both within and outside the company and we use it to run different elements of our process es. The key is to come across that each activity or session is performed in a secure manner. We assume that everything will fail. The key task is to ensure there are no single points of failure.When components fail, we assume that staff will not notice or will be busy on something else. The safety must be passive, that is to say if one component fails, the work must seamlessly move to another component all without any intervention, said Nobuyki Ohkawa. Ohkawa had decades of experience working on these problems and was the person Dvivedi assigned the task of designing and deploying the networks and machines on which Shinsei ran its business. To ensure that the data sent over the public Internet was kept secure, Shinsei encrypted all the data it transmitted.In addition, its networks were secured by deploying the latest in network technology and by a process of continuous monitoring for wildcat intrusions and denial of service type attacks. Should there be any indication that an atta ck was attempted, the source of the attack was identified and actions back outn to disable or block it. Most of all, however, Dvidedi relied simply on the fundamentals of the internet itself The Internet is anonymous. Your messages and our data travel over the akin network in a random fashion. The namelessness is our first level of security.Given these parameters and the scope of the undertaking, Yashiro and Dvivedi did not believe they could entrust the project to one hardware vendor. Also, the fluidity of the envisioned end-state made it difficult to engage an outside vendor economically. Yashiro and Dvivedi needed to reach out to external partners to get the resources and know-how that they envisioned, as applied to their projects. Partner companies in Dvivedis native India proved to be a tremendous boon. 6 Information Technology and Innovation at Shinsei Bank 607-010 Outsourced WorkDvivedi engaged multiple Indian firms to handle different parts of Shinseis information technol ogy. This outsourced work focused on areas where internal development skills were lacking and where Dvivedi felt that they were not necessary for the bank to acquire. Thus, Dvivedi was free to pull together work groups of specialists without regard to their physical location. This was a major departure from existing practices in Japan, and proved to be a culture shock for the staff. In fact, Shinsei was the only company in Japan to use solely Indian software services.Nucleus Software, in Delhi, and Polaris Software Engineering, in Chennai, were two collaborators, as well as the bigger Wipro and Tata Consultancy Services companies, in developing pieces of Shinseis financial software. By employing translators, Shinsei acquired best-of-breed engineers, and did not bother trying to teach them Japanese. They could remain in their respective silos, working on a portion of the Shinsei technology, without assimilation into Shinsei headquarters. In order to outsource work, Dvivedi and his te am had to divide the work up into modular parts.Removing interdependencies was key as they believed that dependency slowed down the work without dependency, people could work at their own speeds and avoid bottlenecks. For this reason, old systems maintenance was kept separate from new systems development. If unnecessary stress was placed on old systems, the entire system would become unstable and the speed at which new ones were developed would also be at risk. With each company, Shinsei worked to establish a relationship characterized as a partnership rather than one of a supplier.The bank worked with its partners without requiring competitive bids, avoiding traditional requirement documents such as RFPs (request for proposal) or RFIs (request for information). Dvivedi believed that these were pleonastic process steps that added unnecessary time and overhead work to the engagement. Furthermore, Shinsei did not enter into fixed-price contracts on the contrary, engagements were quan tified on a time-and-material basis. Implementation Shinsei moved from mainframes to a Windows-based platform, back up by a high-speed, lowcost, packet based network operated as an internal utility.They centralized the decentralized, but made sure that everything was modular and highly flexible. Organizational silos were broken down in order to integrate processes. We have learned to deliver precision where needed rather than trying to be precise in all things, said Yashiro. Despite the carefully constructed approach to assembling the guiding principles for the companys IT strategy both Yashiro and Dvivedi knew that just as many, if not more, IT transformation projects failed during implementation.As such, they dog-tired a substantial amount of time creating principles to guide the implementation process. Parity Parity allowed the old and new systems to coexist in parallel. Dvivedi believed that employees should choose to use the new system if it were placed in front of them. He did not want to appear as though he was convincing people to use the new technology. He told employees We will not change but we will change the technology. He believed the new systems should function much the alike(p) as their predecessors, and possess the same look and feel even if this mimicry resulted in extra cost.At the same time the new system should provide new capabilities so that employees would be horny about using them. As comfort with the new systems increased, the old systems were removed. Dvivedi mused Nothing must change for change to happen. 7 607-010 Information Technology and Innovation at Shinsei Bank Incremental steps The smaller the changes, the lower the degree of disruption in the bank. The work was done on multiple parallel paths development occurred in rapid, short cycles, with progressive delivery of requirements.As components were tested, they were utilize and reused if they fulfilled their objectives or they were promptly discarded if they did n ot work. Incremental steps also kept the system convenient as changes could be made on an almost continuous basis. Inclusiveness Yashiro believed that the business strategy must always drive infrastructure change, and it was therefore imperative that senior managers be closely involved in the technology transformation. Said Yashiro I have learned that technology and operations are not just support functions.They also offer capabilities that can open up new strategic opportunities and businesses for us. Transparency Dvivedi tried to keep the technology transparent to the customer, such that the customer would not notice anything different when the technology changed. This would allow Shinsei to remain flexible in its technology choices at no inconvenience or disruption to the customer. Ironically, this required great discipline. Dvivedi had to resist advertising the new technology because, as he said, the moment you say this is going to improve things for you, you create a depend ency. Dvivedi felt this was important so that the bank would be free to pick and choose its technology as systems changed, while the customer would experience only consistent service. Paperless Any paper generated had to be checked, filed, and secured while the absence of paper made work distribution easier. Paper intensive, manual processes were replaced with a nearly paperless environment. A room dedicated to scanning services received all entering paper correspondence and invoices. Such paper documents were scanned and then filed electronically.The paper documents did not move any further into the office than that initial receiving room. After that, everything was accessible online. All of these efforts supported Yashiros principle of minimizing the change required of people. Making new systems look as similar to old ones as possible, and allowing the two to co-exist in parallel, were necessary to minimize the disruption of Shinseis employees. Furthermore, they did not set f ormal replacement dates for any of the new systems they implemented.Instead, they performed parallel runs with reconciliation to ensure proper functioning of the new system. They repeated this process for as long as was necessary until they were sure that the employees were comfortable with the new systems. Only then did they turn off the old system. Getting Results Shinseis key success was in assembling the building blocks of its new infrastructure. The entire retail bank system was implemented faster than planned and well below budget. In the end, Shinsei achieved rejuvenation in one year (instead of the projected three years) and at 90% less than the riginal cost estimate. The cost of the overhaul totaled $50 million, while other banks in Japan had paid ten times this amount for similar initiatives. The success of the system transformation enabled 247 multiple channel access to customers rather than a single channel service that was only available from 9am to 3pm. In addition, th ey were able to obtain real-time balances from these channels, and roll out new products quickly by leveraging standard building blocks that were already in place. Management controls were also significantly improved through the new system.The old 6-day reporting cycle characterized by chronically late financial ledger data was replaced with a daily one, with the added ability to provide customer and product profitability tracking data on demand. 8 Information Technology and Innovation at Shinsei Bank 607-010 They were also able to perform continuous reconciliation on all accounts and standardized what were non-standard, non-documented procedures. New Services We have a very specific value proposition for customers, incoming CEO Thierry Porte said. Its based on convenience, ease of use, empowering customers, offering things on a low-cost basis, so our ATM system is free and we also offer free Internet transfers. At the same time, we offer high-quality products and services. One o f these new services was an innovative branch operation featuring cashless storytellers. Dvivedi believed that a key tenet of the customer service model was the interaction between staff and customers. To enhance this interaction both paper and cash had to be eliminated from the hands of the branch staff.Paper and cash, Dvivedi felt, were avoidable distractions that but got in the way of superior customer service. In eliminating paper and cash, the staff was absolved of the traditional duties of cash-counting and receipt-printing, and could solely service the customer. Indeed, the banks branch services were entirely self-completed the staff was present only to provide assistance as needed. All transactions took place online, at Internet portals in the branch. The transaction could take place anywhere, however, that the customer was connected to the Internet.Online-only transactions effectively eliminated paper from the system, and also allowed the customer to be responsible for h is own transactions. The customer was asked to double-check each transaction before authorizing it. This greatly reduced the frequency of errors. Cash was available from the branchs ATM machines staff guided the customers to use the ATMs for both withdrawing and depositing cash. If a customer did not have his ATM card, a staff member would electronically transfer the desired sum from the customers account into a tellers account, and then retrieve the cash for the customer from the ATM.ATMs Most Japanese banks charged fees of 100 to 300 yen, when ATMs were used in the evenings or on weekends, or when customers withdrew money from other banks. Shinsei, to make up for its limited branch network, allowed customers to use ATMs any time free of charge. This distinguished Shinsei from other Japanese banks. Shinsei saw this as a way to attract customers to the bank at very low cost, for they did not have to expand their branch network in order to connect with their customers they could do i t through ATMs. The operating cost of the ATMs was relatively low.In 2001, Shinsei offered a new service enabling customers to withdraw cash free of charge from ATMs outside of Japan 650,000, to be exact, in 120 different countries, through the PLUS system offered by Visa International. Citibank also offered no-fee use of international ATMs, but was part of the cirrhus MasterCard network, which had only 530,000 ATMs in about 100 countries. Hours Shinsei kept its branches open on weekends and holidays in order to offer services such as same-day account openings, targeting customers who might be too busy to visit the bank during the week.Shinsei used its computer system operated nonstop to enable the processing of new accounts and other applications in the same day. Other financial institutions followed suit and began staying open on Saturday and Sunday, but services were limited to mortgages and asset management consulting. Anything that required the computer system could only tak e place during the week as their systems shut down on the weekends. Shinseis branch hours of 10am to 8pm every single day of the year (except New Years Day) enabled ustomers to do any type of banking, including sale of mutual funds and insurance policies, at their own convenience. 9 607-010 Information Technology and Innovation at Shinsei Bank Looking Back Yoshikazu Sato, a senior member of the Technology team at Shinsei, who worked closely with Dvivedi, revealed the apparent simplicity of Shinseis model If you stand back and examine what we have done, there is nothing unique about it. The principles we follow have been around for years. Describe what we do to a manufacturing engineer and he may well remark, whats so special about it? Anybody can buy what we buy.Deconstructing a problem until a standard component can be used, or using low-cost, easily available materials (in our case Dell PCs and Windows software) has been practiced for decades, he said. What makes us different is our ability to focus on applying these principles repeatedly with persistence and without deviation. The manufacturing industry has been moving its operations to the lowest cost and most effective locations for decades. We have replicated it in our use of virtual organizations people with skills needed for our work are connected in from wherever they are located.Not having to move people around saved us time, money and gave us an extremely scalable capability, said Pieter Franken, the architect and former of Shinseis core systems. My key task is to ensure that as we do all of this, we are also institutionalizing the work we have done and to continuously expand the technical team to take up all this work, said Dvivedi. Looking Forward Dvivedis institutionalization of Shinseis system development process forced the team to think about applications of the model in the future, as well as what challenges lay ahead.Shinsei was focused on growing by acquisition and, for those acquired busi nesses, the objective was to change the technology and process platform to enable rapid new product roll-outs and to build better quality services. The ability to do this at lower cost would create a significant competitive advantage. Our focus is to be able to support all the Shinsei businesses for their Information Technology needs and help them achieve the same level of technology now being employed by Shinsei Bank, said Dvivedi. We can add value to our businesses with our strength and know-how. In 2006, Thierry Porte succeeded Yashiro as President and CEO of Shinsei. Thierry has a clear vision of where he is guiding Shinsei, noted Dvivedi. He has outlined a growth plan for our key businesses that will require us to scale up for much higher volumes, and support a whole range of new functions and features to facilitate the launch of new products and services. As CEO, Porte was well-aware of how Shinseis technology would enable his plans for the bank. Our technology is a door-open er for new business opportunities.If we can get our customers in other industries interested in the approach we take to technology design and deployment, to look at the kind of capabilities and services we can help them build, it will be a unique way to position ourselves and grow our core business of banking. If we can do this it will expand our franchise and be a source of additional revenues, said Porte. Dvivedis Response After a night of reflection the time had come to respond to Portes request. Dvivedi opened an email and began typing 10

Administrative Justice

Due sue model advocates that an individual cannot be denied life, liberty, or property in the absence of legal safeguards and procedures. The rights of individuals charged with crimes ought to be safeguarded by the criminal umpire system.Arrestees are treated as innocent until proven otherwise by a court of law. Policing is paramount to the maintenance of jurist within society. The primary objective of criminal justice is to facilitate due process and basic legal fairness.The elevation of Rights advocates for defendants rights protection and hence this model emphasizes the same (http//www.cliffsnotes.com/WileyCDA/CliffsReviewTopic/Which-Model-Crime-Control-or-Due-Process.topicArticleId-10065,articleId-9911.html)Due process model holds that practice of law powers ought to be curtailed to prevent official oppression of citizens. The model stresses the possibility of errors in police casual, non-judgmental investigations. Criminal justice dispensers should be accountable to procedu res, regulations and guidelines to facilitate consistency and justice in the justice system.Criminal justice procedures are viewed as obstruction processes comprised of a time of impediments in form of procedural defenses that protect the factually innocent in the same way they convict the factually wicked. It is advocated that an individual should be declared guilty only if legal processes are adhered to but not merely based on facts.Due process notes that peoples memories are notoriously poor as regards disturbing happenings. Highly emotional contexts will likely lead to inaccurate recollections. Confessions by individuals in police custody will more likely succumb information that is distorted to favor what the person thinks the authorities prefer to hear.The truth is thus shielded. The model thus advocates for public hearing of a case by an impartial tribunal and rulings made only after the criminate has had a chance to defend themselves (Shanahan, 1977, p.376).Crime control perspective assumes total reliability of police informal investigations and views arrestees as already guilty and liable to government punishment. The ability of analytical and prosecutorial agencies to produce and reconstruct a bearably precise account of what really transpired is given lots weight.Arresting of suspects is viewed to be negative in that it drags the criminal justice system. The model holds that the suppression of crime should be the most paramount aspect of criminal justice since line of battle is crucial in a free society. Safeguarding the rights of victims takes precedence over protecting the rights of defendants.The police ought to be granted more powers to facilitate investigation, searches, arrests, seizing and conviction of suspects. ratified hindrances that restrict police activities ought to be done away with (Shanahan, 1977, p.377).The chastening of law enforcement agencies to tightly control crime is viewed to result in breakdown of social dress thus eliminating a crucial aspect of freedom. A generalized disregard of lawful controls crops up if there is a wide perception of elevated failure to arrest and convict offenders. The civil individual then suffers from illegal invasions on his welfare and high insecurity.The crime control viewpoint proposes that criminal justice procedures should be swiftly and efficiently executed and disposed off. Arrested suspects are presumed guilty since this model highly rates the reliability of police investigations reports. The primary objective of criminal justice system is to find out the truth or to realistically determine the guilt of the accused.Crime control model signifies conservative values while the due process model reflects liberal values. Assessment of values is required so as to prove one model superior to the other. The policy to be applied depends on the prevailing political environment. due process policies predominated the liberal 1960s whereas conservatism 1970s and early 20th century were characterized by crime control model.The fantasy of equality has gained popularity as the basis for agitating for implementation of the due process model. The existence of gross inequalities occasioned by financial means of defendants calls for mobilization of resources to shield the accused to prevent their denial of credible defense. The due process model is thus evidently the approach that is likely to be popular in future (Oliver, 2008, p.135). ReferencesCriminal justice Which model? Crime control or due process cliff notes. Retrieved on 28th February 2009 from http//www.cliffsnotes.com/WileyCDA/CliffsReviewTopic/Which-Model-Crime-Control-or-Due-Process.topicArticleId-10065,articleId-9911.html.Oliver, W. M. (2008). Catholic perspectives on crime and criminal justice. Lanham, Maryland, USA Lexington Books.Shanahan, D (1977). The Administration of Justice An Introduction. London Routledge

Unman Wittering and Zigo by Giles Cooper Analysis

We have been studying the evasive action Unman Wittering and Zigo, which was written by Giles Cooper in the 1960s. Giles Cooper was born in Dublin in 1918 into a privileged home. His father was a naval officer, who later became a judge. Giles Coopers father wanted him to rick a diplomat or a lawyer but Giles chose to go to drama school rather than university. He was educated in a worldly concern school, subsequently the story is based on his own experiences of tyrannous hearing while he was a student. Giles Cooper was concerned active the effects of tyrannic teaching and as a result wrote this play.The play is ab start a teacher, toilet Ebony, in his first job who wants to make a good thought. He finds that the boys he is teaching are fractious and have a nasty habit of gambling. His life as a teacher rapidly descends in to a nightmare, and as the story goes on he begins to uncover the mystery surrounding the death of the previous school master. It goes on to reveal somethin g dark and unpleasant about the nature of the boys who killed their form teacher.The play was written for radio so there arent any visuals. The audience therefore had to imagine what the characters and scenarios were corresponding. As it is a radio play the tone and pitch of the voice are very Copernican because this is the medium by dint of which effective understanding is conveyed. The scenes in the play are very succinct because audiences cannot listen for a long time without visuals. Therefore the director must entertain the audience by providing a gripping thriller. earth-closet is used in the story to expose the hidden secrets of Chantery and the corruption of the boys. Giles Cooper does this through a vulnerable and in experienced teacher. legerdemain is trying to be much equal Mr Winstanly but this does not work for trick because he is far to a fault inexperienced. In the first scene John is appointed as a temp teacher at Chantery. When the Head is talking to him h e makes sure John haves about the character of the school, as if the maestro is showing off.Surprisingly the headmaster ignores Johns questions and kind of of answering he interrupts or changes the subject.Was he my predecessor?Er, Yes. That brick building.This makes the reader wonder why? He does it because he is hiding something about Mr PelhamThe headmaster proclaims John that Lower 5 B are a little mischievous but he does not reveal the full truth about the signifier but holds it back. The Head then leaves him with Cary, by doing this the headmaster comes across as an irresponsible character. He also undermines Johns confidence because he feels he is not important enough to be shown around the classroom. This is not the case. The headmaster is scared that John willfind out about the corruption of the school if he is shown too much. This shows the Headmaster is hiding the inner secrets of the school and is only showing the sugar coated topping of an apparently successful pu blic school.In scene 3 the boys pass control very quickly. From the beginning the boys start mocking John and giving random and futile comments, as though they are mocking the way teachers teach.Jamaicas in the Caribbean, sirThey use a derisive tone by giving useless information as though they are teasing John. John loses his temper and responds to this in an authoritarian way. As a diversion they then poke Wittering, who cries out loud. This delays the lesson again. When his attempt to quiet them down fails he resorts to using his authority.Now I dont regard to crack the whip on our first morning but I will if you make meThe pupils respond to this by giving a fake justification to him of Mr Pelhams murder but they use this confession as an attempt to intimidate John throughout scene 3, John raises his voice constantly i.e. using authoritarian teaching to gain control of the class but this does not work and he fails to regain control of the class. The students take advantage of J ohns inexperience and in doing so gain an advantage over JohnWhen the Head walks in, the boys carry on with the lesson and by doing this makes us think that they have done this before. This is the chance John has to tell the Headmaster about what they had express, but foolishly he doesnt. This shows that Johns confidence has diminished. Furthermore John presumably does not want to tell the Head because it could create the impression that he cannot handle the class.In scene 8, convinced that the boys have committed some sort of crime, John takes Mr Pelhams wallet to the headmaster and suggests that it should be given to the police. However, (contrary to John expectations) the headmaster tells him off for leaving the class and ignores his concerns.It was in his pocket when he was killedIt is a practice which is always discouraged here. Every period should be worked through whatever happensThe headmaster then changes the subject, suggesting he doesnt want to discuss Johns concerns, by interpreting he wanted to invite him for dinner. This shows that the headmaster does not give John any support but more importantly does not want the secrets of what happens in the school to be exposed. He is extremely sensitive about the reputation of the school. The Headmaster then seems to order him to return to Lower 5 B, Lower 5 B have been left to their own devices for long enough, Miss Gammel just sirDiscourage any discussion of the matterBy doing this the headmaster is discarding any of his suggestions and is not helping out John when he is inexperienced and unsure of what to do.The situation would fall John greatly because he knows he doesnt have any one to turn to and cannot do anything even if the boys intimidate and taunt him.When John returns the pupils seem to know what the Headmaster has said.On the whole Ebony. The less said the better. Perhaps you better return to Lower 5 B. They have been left to their own devices for too long.This suggests it has been said befo re. Teachers have gone to the headmaster but he has been very dismissive. The pupils seeing Johns lack of confidence take advantage of the invitation and make a proposal.You dont want to be sacked from your first job do you sir.No he wants us to be a credit to him.The tone of the pupils her would be very calm, slightly intimidate as though they know they are in control but also very persuasive but this time they spoke in more of a friendly manner. On the other hand John would be speaking in an uncertain tone and seems to agree to the modus vivendi although he doesnt actually say anything which emphasises his powerlessness.The modus vivendi creates a vague sense of stability in the classroom as it brings about a situation in which the constant battle for power is finish for the time being. This is because it seems John has finally been defeated and the students have gained control. John admits defeat at this point and it is now that he is finally sees the truth in their confessions and begins to stimulate an idea of how cunning and clever the students are and how much the system has corrupted them. As a result of this he sees no point of arguing with them as they obviously dont lack determination.The situation changes once again when the Headmaster more or less sacks John..thats the last thing Id want you to think, but we always like to have Old Chantovians on the staff and as Grimwits available for the Easter term we really think we ought to take this opportunity to secure his services.The headmaster not only puts John out of a job, but crushes his high hopes of raising his teaching status by starting in a sanitary known and supposedly successful public school. One characteristic that John does not lack is ambition. It is this that causes him to be irresolute at a time when crack is needed as he doesnt want to spoil his chances of a permanent job. Getting sacked in turn brings about a new tactility of anger. In this new frame of mind it now seems to John that he has nothing to lose and this creates new possibilities for John.In scene 24 the tables turn, as John gains power and the students lose it. The students begin to realise that they cant hold anything against John and moreover the fact that he doesnt seem to care anymore. Now it is the students that begin to panic.When John refuses to teach the lesson, the students retaliate by trying to show that they dont need him and havent lost anything. They try to prove how little his withdrawal affects them so attempt to continue with the lesson themselves.And hes taking it out on usIts not fairAre we going to let him?No. Well go on ahead without him. Cuthbun, youre the best at history you take usThis attempt fails as their independent learning skills have not been developed, and soon there is chaos when they begin to bully Wittering, taking all their frustration out on him. This is where the writer shows that, although too much authority has disturbing consequences, totally removing it would be just as harmful because anarchy would be the result.The confession and revelation of Mr. Pelhams death plays an of the essence(p) role throughout the play. Not only does it disclose what characters authoritarian teaching can create. It also shows the extent of Coopers passionate views regarding authoritarian teaching.The play is about effect and authority, the questions posed by the play are-Does authority prevent violence, or does authority cause violence?

Carrefour retailer Essay

Introduction of the Casehybridisation was the second wide-rangingst retail merchant of consumer goods and groceries worldwide, after Wal-mart. The company pioneered the concept of hypermarket in their home Country, France, as early as 1960s.However, towards late 1990s crossway saw a nightfall in their French hypermarkets owing to certain unfavorable regime regulations and contest from hard discount stores. crosswalk introduced a series of strategic initiatives in an effort to renew the ailing French hypermarkets. As a result, French hypermarkets started showing signs of recovery towards late 2004. The case discusses nearly the emergence and growth of hard discount stores in France. This case also adds scope for discussion of decline of intersections French hypermarkets and its revamp strategies.Pedagogical Objectives The state of Hard discount stores in France impaction of government regulations on French retail industry Growth of Carrefours hypermarkets in France vamp up strategies of Carrefour hypermarkets in France.1. How should Mr. Durant assess the opportunities in various countries around the world?Mr. Durant, the new CEO since 2005, embarked on the new dodge by offering 15 per centum new products in its hypermarkets and 10 percent in its supermarkets. Moreover, he wants to employ more staff, extend the operating hours in certain hypermarkets, cutting prices, stressful small stores, and pushing down decision making. Mr. Durant aims to stay only in countries where Carrefour is among the top retailers.2. Should Carrefour adopt Wal-Marts strategy of low prices everyday? What would be the advantage or disadvantage of such a strategy?Yes Certainly they catch to adopt the strategy of low pricing every day, In France, where Carrefour is well established, the company made the big mistake in its pricing policy. It probably started with the 1999 merger with Promodes, the French discount chain. Carrefour confused the French clientele by losing its low-cost image. The new strategy which they want to implement discounts and cutting prices ,trying small stores certainly will helpCarrefour to keep their competition in all over the world.3. How could Carrefour differentiate itself from Wal-Mart?Wal-Mart is more than just the worlds largest retailer. It is an sparing force, a cultural phenomenon and a lightning rod for controversy. It all started with a simple philosophy from founder surface-to-air missile Walton Offer shoppers lower prices than they get anywhere else. That basic strategy has shaped Wal-Marts culture and compulsive the companys growth. Now that Wal-Mart is so huge, it has unprecedented power to shape labor markets globally and mixture the way entire industries operate. In this article, you will learn the key reasons that Wal-Mart has been able to keep its prices low streetwise technology, a frugal corporate culture and a push to make suppliers sell merchandise at cheaper and cheaper prices. Well also take a lo ok at the scope of Wal-Marts impact on the economy and the controversies surrounding Wal- Mart, as well as the future of the company.With 12 million loyalty card-holders in France, merely also 7.5 million in Spain, for example, Carrefour groupstores have an excellent base from which to forge close at hand(predicate) relationships with customers. As a multi- fix upretailer, Carrefour can offer solutions addressing a wide variety of shopping habits. In 2009, the Carrefour group is enhancing its knowledge of customers, with the aim of serving them better and improving its brand image. In stores, the Carrefour brand will be conveyed in a way that is closer to the customer and more emotionally involving. By being more competitive, the brand will again become a tool for kind customers, enhancing customer loyalty and distinguishing Carrefour from the pack. In towns and villages, as convergence accelerates, the Carrefour brand will provide its best stores to more customers. In this way, Carrefour will make customers want to come, and keep coming, to its stores, regardless of the format or product offering. By focusing on retailing, Carrefour will become customers preferred retailer.4. localise cultures in selected countries that need to be considered in order to be successful?Carrefour operates in 29 countries around the world. World population isrising, geographic distribution of populations is shifting, world population isaging rapidly, ethnic mixes in authentic countries are changing rapidly, andaverage household incomes are increasing.The demographic environment presents both opportunities and threats for Carrefour. Increases in population sizing and household incomes help toexpand the market in which Carrefour operates. However, changes in the geographic distribution of populations, due to technological advances incommunications, may cause difficulties for Carrefour in determining profitable locations for new storefrontSOCIO-CULTURAL1.New markets had seen dramatic changes in consumer buying habits,coupled with high growth in per capita GNP,2.suburbanization, greater participation of women in the labor force, and a large increase in theownership of cars and refrigerators.3.The continued growth of suburban communities abroad is another major sociocultural trend.4.Asian customers steady tended to shop daily at wet markets or mom & popstores.5.Moreover, impulse buying was on the rise and replacing necessity purchasing.6.Shopping as a form of leisure was an increasing phenomenon.CONCLUSIONCarrefour has positioned itself as an international leader in the retail industry.Their strategies have proven successful for a function of reasons. First, they have beenable to successfully transfer competencies to associates and managers across the globe.Also, they have been able to adapt to local cultures and consumer tastes as necessary. Insome cases, they have even managed to change consumer tastes and buying habits. Theyhave succeeded in entering new markets aggressively and gaining a large care of eachmarket. Carrefour has even been able to restructure when legalities made it necessary.The question remains, then, what should Carrefour do in the future. Carrefour should remain in the retail industry. It should continue those practices that have provensuccessful and profitable in the past. Also, Carrefour should continue to supplement itsknowledge of international markets to continue its rapid expansion across the globe. Carrefour should, however,be wary of threats to its operations, and remain hawk-eyed I exploring new ways to improve its products and services. Carrefour has come this far based on its faculty to pioneer new retail concepts and should remember that this pioneering spirit is what will carry it into the future.

I Am Sam (Movie)

I Am surface-to-air missile- Assessment Sam is the main character in I Am Sam. He faces a number of issues throughout the movie, but the main hardship is to gain custody of his daughter. Sams role is a mentally mentally retarded male, with a mental capacity of a seven stratum old. Sams daughter, Lucy, is seven and her teachers fear that Sams aptitude is holding her lynchpin because she does not want to be smarter than her fetch. Lucy loves Sam very much, however she knows he was not the average father, as she told her lift out friend that she was adopted.Lucy is taken away from Sam by the authorities and is only given visitational rights for a join of hours each week while under supervision. Sam desperately seeks to gain back custody of Lucy. The onslaught Sam uses to muddle through this adversity, is trying to find a lawyer who can represent him in court. Rita Harrison Williams is a top-notch lawyer and informs Sam he cant afford her. As a result, Ritas work colleagues assum e she would never do Pro Bono because she is too good for that, however to Sams advantage, Rita decides to prove them wrong and takes Sams case on Pro Bono.This is great for Sam because he gets a top-quality lawyer to represent him in court for free, this illustrates Sam would have never been open to afford a lawyer in the first place, as Sam is aw atomic number 18 of this himself, saying Yeah, because I make $8. 00 an hour at Starbucks. Per hour. Its an hourly rate. To a large extent, I think this tactical manoeuvre had benefited Sam as he had an excellent lawyer, which gave him a better chance to have some rights to Lucy.Rita knows Sams chances are slim for getting full custody of Lucy but in the end, with all characters plan of attack to an agreement, Sam gets joint custody of Lucy with her adoptive parents which was of crucial importance both to the relationship between father and daughter and most importantly Lucy having a well balanced upbringing and not being held back i ntellectually, emotionally or financially. Without Rita, Sam would have lost all his visiting rights to Lucy and this would have led to the ending of Sam mentally even further.This is why I believe Rita had a significant impact, with such a successful outcome. This look at has changed my views on parents with a disability and them having normal children. Sam realized he couldnt raise Lucy by himself and yearned for Lucy to have a set out. Sam to Randy (adoptive mother) If I tell you a secret, that I cant do it by myself because I always wanted Lucy to have a mother Help. I need somebody. Help. Not just anyone. I believe that mentally retarded people are capable of well-favored loads of love to a child, they would cherish them heaps, but I dont think they can give their child/ren the required thought mentally, intellectually or financially. If people with mental disabilities so desire to raise their child, they should be granted joint custody with another sound adoptive family, a s in this particular film, thus I dont know if a coarse amount of adoptive parents in this day and age would be accommodating to this kind of arrangement.This movie similarly portrays to what extent a parent is willing to sacrifice their environment, security and finances both mentally and physically for their child/ren. This movie couldnt really help me as a person, as I happen it does not relate to me directly, though the clear message I obtained was, there is always a dissolving agent for an issue, so long as you consider others involved and meet half way and compromise so you achieve a positive outcome for all parties involved, not just for ones self-seeking way.Sam also taught Rita the substance of love and whether you could endure love single-handedly, however this was very apparent in the film as having a negative outcome if it was solely based on love alone. I would rate the movie I Am Sam 7 out of 10 because I liked the ideas, morals and story zephyr of the film, but it had some inauspicious aspects to it. The idea to base the movie on a mentally retarded man is unique and I admire bizs that are out of the ordinary.However, the critical aspect of the film was, its predictability, most of the scenes/settings had a blue tinge to it (e. g. court room, place where authorities were carry oning Lucy and Ritas house) giving the movie/scene a colder, detached feeling, especially in the scenes where you were suppose to have happy tears, the plot was also a tad slow although it was an emotionally touching film, Id imagine this film could have offended some viewers.Overall, I enjoyed the film and it brought a tear to my eye, though it did not keep me mesmerized, thus loosing focus now and then. I would recommend I am Sam to someone abstracted to watch a movie that will touch them emotionally or someone trying to control adversity, so they learn compromise, but otherwise its not really a film I would recommend to anyone for the sake of it.